达梦数据库快速安装
<p>[TOC]</p>
<h3>下载地址：[点击下载达梦安装包](<a href="http://101.69.243.254:5010/share/eHBLwwWx">http://101.69.243.254:5010/share/eHBLwwWx</a> "达梦安装包")</h3>
<p>查看系统架构选择相应数据库版本以及磁盘空间是否足够，原则上应使用最大盘</p>
<h3>一、创建安装用户</h3>
<pre><code class="language-shell">groupadd dinstall # 创建安装用户组
useradd -g dinstall -m -d /home/dmdba -s /bin/bash dmdba # 创建安装用户dmdba
passwd dmdba # 初始化用户密码（不允许弱密码）</code></pre>
<p><img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/215b8b4805793eaaa35829a884cd09f8" alt="" /></p>
<h3>二、修改limit资源限制</h3>
<pre><code class="language-shell">vim /etc/security/limits.conf
dmdba soft core unlimited
dmdba hard core unlimited
dmdba soft nofile 65536
dmdba hard nofile 65536
dmdba soft nproc 65536
dmdba hard nproc 65536
dmdba soft stack 65536
dmdba hard stack 65536
# 重启服务器可永久生效。临时生效：dmdba用户执行 ulimit -n 65536</code></pre>
<h3>三、命令行安装</h3>
<pre><code class="language-shell">mkdir -p /risen/soft/database/dmdba # 创建数据库安装目录
chown -R dmdba.dinstall /risen/soft/database/dmdba # 修改目录归属权限
su - dmdba # 切换至dmdba用户
vim ~/.bash_profile # 设置dmdba用户环境变量
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:$DM_HOME/bin:$DM_HOME/tool
export DM_HOME=/risen/soft/database/dmdba
source ~/.bash_profile # 使修改的变量即刻生效</code></pre>
<h3>四、上传达梦安装包及key文件至/home目录下</h3>
<p>将安装包上传到服务器后使用 root 用户挂载 iso 安装包文件到 /mnt 目录下：</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell"># 临时挂载，文件拷贝出来就可以umount解挂载删除了
mount -o loop /home/dm8_20200930_x86_rh6_64_ent_8.1.1.134.iso /mnt
cp -a /mnt/DMInstall.bin /home/dmdba/
chown dmdba.dinstall /home/dmdba/*
su - dmdba # 最好是使用dmdba用户安装达梦数据库
/mnt/DMInstall.bin -i console
请选择安装语言(C/c:中文 E/e:英文) [C/c]:c
是否输入Key文件路径? (Y/y:是 N/n:否) [Y/y]:y
请输入Key文件的路径地址 [dm.key]:/home/dm.key
#注：key文件若失效可暂跳过去，没有key可试用半年
是否设置时区? (Y/y:是 N/n:否) [Y/y]:y
请选择设置时区 [21]:21
请选择安装类型的数字序号 [1 典型安装]:1
请选择安装目录 [/home/dmdba/dmdbms]:/risen/soft/database/dmdba
是否确认安装路径(/risen/soft/database/dmdba)? (Y/y:是 N/n:否) [Y/y]:y
是否确认安装? (Y/y:是 N/n:否):y</code></pre>
<p><img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/4a3d66bf1a1cd4ec12b049121d35f817" alt="" />
<img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/3a629774a6c7252dbdf63cfcf7703c75" alt="" />
<img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/9fb2d9b0afa2deec942196837b8734b2" alt="" /></p>
<h3>五、等待安装完成，执行提示信息</h3>
<pre><code class="language-shell">exit # 禁止套娃！步骤四是dmdba用户执行，步骤五是root用户执行。
/risen/soft/database/dmdba/script/root/root_installer.sh</code></pre>
<p><img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/c84cab6786efa0f74a003a972a1c6b19" alt="" /></p>
<h3>六、初始化达梦数据库</h3>
<pre><code class="language-shell">su - dmdba
cd /risen/soft/database/dmdba/bin
./dminit path=/risen/soft/database/dmdba/data db_name=DMENG instance_name=DMSERVER CHARSET=1 CASE_SENSITIVE=0 LENGTH_IN_CHAR=1 EXTENT_SIZE=32 PAGE_SIZE=32 port_num=5237</code></pre>
<p>没有key文件会提示，没有error报错哪怕是警告但最后提示success成功就行了，默认端口5236，正式服务器不允许使用默认端口
<img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/2a623d908b70187827191e9ab00fe623" alt="" /></p>
<h3>七、将数据库注册为系统服务并启动数据库实例</h3>
<pre><code class="language-shell"># root用户执行以下操作
cd /risen/soft/database/dmdba/script/root/
./dm_service_installer.sh -t dmserver -dm_ini /risen/soft/database/dmdba/data/DMENG/dm.ini -p DMSERVER</code></pre>
<p><img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/b0d0bc9411cebaf3d8de0518ef1c1cd4" alt="" /></p>
<h3>八、启动服务并查看状态，设置开机自启</h3>
<pre><code class="language-shell">systemctl start DmServiceDMSERVER.service # 启动数据库
systemctl stop DmServiceDMSERVER.service # 关闭数据库
systemctl enable DmServiceDMSERVER.service # 设置数据库开机自启
systemctl status DmServiceDMSERVER.service # 查看数据库当前状态
netstat -antp | grep 5236 # 监听数据库端口
ps -ef | grep dmserver # 查看数据库进程</code></pre>
<p><img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/94c72a9d1925514a0f2d2004903f6f60" alt="" /></p>
<h3>九、连接达梦数据库验证</h3>
<p><img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/370b6771c31e4dee7169be865e986e76" alt="" /></p>
<h3>十、优化达梦数据库</h3>
<p>执行达梦调优脚本即可：
<a href="http://101.69.243.254:5010/share/vqMGRMM0/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93/%E8%BE%BE%E6%A2%A68">http://101.69.243.254:5010/share/vqMGRMM0/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93/%E8%BE%BE%E6%A2%A68</a>
[达梦调优脚本.txt](<a href="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/25839827d21fcc8223125a4af3a51cd7">http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/25839827d21fcc8223125a4af3a51cd7</a> "[达梦调优脚本.txt")
<img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/aeea9c5a1176716e0d355666b19d6f04" alt="" /></p>
<h3>选择兼容数据库</h3>
<p><strong>初始化之后执行sp_set_para_value(2,'compatible_mode',4);执行后重启数据库</strong></p>
<p><img src="https://www.showdoc.com.cn/server/api/attachment/visitFile?sign=15e0cd5e07d9d26de3ae766a9cad10c6&amp;file=file.png" alt="" /></p>
<h3>十一、卸载达梦数据库</h3>
<pre><code class="language-shell"># 先备份所有数据，关闭数据库
su - dmdba #切换至dmdba用户
cd /risen/soft/database/dmdba/
./uninstall.sh -i #进入达梦安装目录，执行卸载命令
请确认是否卸载达梦数据库(/risen/soft/database/dmdba/)? (y/Y:是 n/N:否)：Y
是否删除dm_svc.conf配置文件? (y/Y:是 n/N:否):Y
exit #按照提示退回root用户
/risen/soft/database/dmdba/root_uninstaller.sh</code></pre>
<p><img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/2b6a4656b6dff2b694204686959e19bf" alt="" />
<img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/8c311502f43a75ccf126296c834f2a84" alt="" /></p>
<h3>十二、达梦开启归档日志</h3>
<pre><code class="language-shell">su - dmdba
cd /risen/soft/database/dmdba/bin
./disql SYSDBA/'&quot;SYSDBA@2021&quot;'@localhost:5236 # 备份前提必须开启归档模式，SYSDBA是管理员,密码有特殊字符@等，需用单引号加双引号进行转义
SQL&gt; alter database mount; # 修改数据库为mount状态
SQL&gt; alter database add ARCHIVELOG 'DEST=/risen/soft/database/dmdba/data/DMENG/arch,TYPE=local,FILE_SIZE=1024,SPACE_LIMIT=10240';
# 配置本地归档。达梦的数据目录：/risen/soft/database/dmdba/data，一般在数据目录下设置归档目录路径，原则是最大盘~以以防止后期磁盘空间不足；FILE_SIZE：单个REDO日志归档文件大小，默认1G；SPACE_LIMIT：REDO日志归档空间限制；当所有本地归档文件达到限制值时，系统自动删除最旧的归档文件，此处设置10G,具体根据服务器磁盘空间而定！
SQL&gt; ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG; #开启归档模式
SQL&gt; ALTER DATABASE OPEN; #修改数据库为open状态
SQL&gt; select name,arch_mode from v$database; #查询是否为归档模式，Y/N</code></pre>
<p><img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/b2f6e84d0da17f6b28589b243f88e187" alt="" /></p>
<h3>十三、达梦数据库备份&还原</h3>
<h4>全库备份：</h4>
<p>每天全库备份适用于数据量不大的数据库，若数据量很大每天执行全库备份就不太适合，可在步骤6中调整备份频率</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>1.打开DM管理工具，以<strong>管理员</strong>身份登录数据库，右键单击代理，创建代理环境
<img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/2ae646ffd5602262b2d06aa0931cb0e4" alt="" /></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>2.选中作业，右键新建作业
<img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/37b80dce5c32bf6a2ec332a67e402960" alt="" /></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>3.填写作业名、作业描述
<img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/c1e3f6a28d3c7476dde2e1d0b7d0943a" alt="" /></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>4.点击作业步骤，点击添加
<img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/1d2551a3b8897d9bc3797801eff9b1a9" alt="" /></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>5.填写步骤名称、步骤类型、备份路径、备份方式，点击确定
<img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/faaab84ea75070615bc1c9722127f7f0" alt="" />
注意：备份路径的属组应该是dmdba用户组，否则备份会因权限不足备份失败</p>
</li>
<li>6.选择作业调度，新建，填写名称、调度类型、频率、开始日期，点击确定
<img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/d9b6d0d6b11b653560ffbf7aa65f1cc4" alt="" />
<pre><code class="language-shell"># 以上定时全库备份操作DDL案例：
call SP_JOB_CONFIG_START('全库备份');
call SP_ADD_JOB_STEP('全库备份', '每天定时全库备份', 5, '01000/risen/soft/database/dmdba/data/DMENG/bak/', 1, 2, 0, 0, NULL, 0);
call SP_ADD_JOB_SCHEDULE('全库备份', '每天定时执行全库备份', 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, '23:30:00', NULL, '2021-11-04 00:00:00', NULL, '');
call SP_JOB_CONFIG_COMMIT('全库备份');</code></pre></li>
</ul>
<h4>定时增量备份</h4>
<p>增量备份适用于数据量很大的数据库，在第一次全库备份的基础上每天对新增的数据进行增量备份</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>1.打开DM管理工具，以<strong>管理员</strong>身份登录数据库，选择代理———作业，右键新建作业
<img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/4f876cbe28ecac9ca41a94aa4b468f56" alt="" /></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>2.填写作业名、作业描述
<img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/f7aafbaf8a19b9db13faec400c9de269" alt="" /></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>3.点击作业步骤，点击添加
<img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/d5398284a272e11ed357bddfc09d42d3" alt="" /></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>4.填写步骤名称、步骤类型、备份路径、备份方式，点击确定
<strong>注：备份路径的属组应该是dmdba用户组，否则备份会因权限不足备份失败</strong>
<img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/41bf18e51504fa38d782fb253004f594" alt="" /></p>
</li>
<li>5.选择作业调度，新建，填写名称、调度类型、频率、开始日期，点击确定
<img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/abfd5932915b6365ccaa4ac9ea84bc5e" alt="" />
<img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/631fc02dbdf1ec4e7063c06f5622e566" alt="" />
<pre><code class="language-shell"># 以上定时增量备份操作DDL案例
call SP_CREATE_JOB('增量备份',1,0,'',0,0,'',0,'每天凌晨2点进行增量备份');
call SP_JOB_CONFIG_START('增量备份');
call SP_ADD_JOB_STEP('增量备份', '增量备份', 5, '11000/risen/soft/database/dmdba/data/DMENG/bak/|/risen/soft/database/dmdba/data/DMENG/bak/', 1, 2, 0, 0, NULL, 0);
call SP_ADD_JOB_SCHEDULE('增量备份', '每天凌晨2点增量备份', 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, '02:00:00', NULL, '2021-11-04 00:00:00', NULL, '');
call SP_JOB_CONFIG_COMMIT('增量备份');</code></pre></li>
</ul>
<h4>清除备份</h4>
<p>备份文件过多会占用系统空间资源，可根据服务器实际情况选择清除频率
方法一：</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>1.打开DM管理工具，使用<strong>管理员</strong>登录，选择代理———作业，右键新建作业
<img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/c098b4546fecd22f440bc7a75a3e7570" alt="" /></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>2.填写作业名、作业描述
<img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/7891fd811e623f7e2fe0f82aaf19d185" alt="" /></p>
</li>
<li>3.选择作业步骤，添加，填写步骤名称、步骤类型为 SQL脚本 、脚本语句，点击确定
<code>脚本语句：call SP_DB_BAKSET_REMOVE_BATCH(NULL,NOW()-15);</code>
<img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/dcabf3eeb7bb80e2a93cab08cccfb9f4" alt="" />
<pre><code class="language-shell"># 以上定时增量备份操作DDL案例
call SP_CREATE_JOB('保留15天备份文件',1,0,'',0,0,'',0,'保留15天备份文件');
call SP_JOB_CONFIG_START('保留15天备份文件');
call SP_ADD_JOB_STEP('保留15天备份文件', '保留15天备份文件', 0, 'call SP_DB_BAKSET_REMOVE_BATCH(NULL,NOW()-15);', 1, 2, 0, 0, NULL, 0);
call SP_JOB_CONFIG_COMMIT('保留15天备份文件');</code></pre>
<p>方法二：</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">crontab -e
00 4 * * * find /risen/soft/database/dmdba/data/DMENG/bak/* -name &quot;*.bak&quot; -type f -mtime +7 -exec rm -rf {} \;</code></pre></li>
</ul>
<h4>还原备份集全库</h4>
<h5>本地还原：</h5>
<p>将本地的数据还原至本地数据库</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>1.查看达梦安装目录以及配置文件目录：ps -ef |grep dmserver
<img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/d56f8655a4e0c46798890d7be0098bde" alt="" />
记录安装目录和配置文件目录，后面需要</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>2.切换达梦用户：su - dmdba</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>3.切换安装目录bin下：cd $DM_HOME/bin</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>4.登录dmrman（安装目录bin下）：./dmrman</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>5.校验备份集：</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">check backupset '/risen/soft/database/dmdba/data/DMENG/bak/DB_DMRWC_FULL_2020_11_30_15_39_11/'</code></pre>
<p>exit退出dmdba用户</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>6.停止数据库服务，脱机还原</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">systemctl stop DmServiceDMSERVER.service（root执行）</code></pre>
<p><img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/fa6a7ead14d81343e41f1b7060ad33a1" alt="" /></p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">ps -ef |grep dmserver(查出来结果入下图代表停止成功)</code></pre>
<p><img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/2978f00f61e8269cc344888269ba6658" alt="" /></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>7.重新切换达梦用户：su - dmdba</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>8.切换安装目录bin下：cd $DM_HOME/bin</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>9.dmrman下执行还原：</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">restore database '/risen/soft/database/dmdba/data/DMENG/dm.ini' from backupset '/risen/soft/database/dmdba/data/DMENG/bak/DB_DMRWC_FULL_2020_11_30_15_39_11';</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>10.备份集恢复</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">recover database '/risen/soft/database/dmdba/data/DMENG/dm.ini' from backupset '/risen/soft/database/dmdba/data/DMENG/bak/DB_DMRWC_FULL_2020_11_30_15_39_11';</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>11.更新db_magic</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">recover database '/risen/soft/database/dmdba/data/DMENG/dm.ini' update db_magic;</code></pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>12.启动数据库，查看还原情况</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">systemctl start DmServiceDMSERVER.service（root执行）</code></pre>
</li>
<li>13.验证数据是否正常，数据库是否可用。
<code>注意：如果还原以后打开管理工具没有模式、用户之类的，查看数据库状态是不是mount</code>
<pre><code class="language-shell">select * from v$instance;
alter database open force</code></pre></li>
</ul>
<h5>异机还原</h5>
<p>把一台服务器上全库还原到另一台服务器的达梦上</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>1.拷贝源备份集（连带文件夹拷贝）至还原服务器的数据目录下bak下
源备份集：指的是备份服务器的备份目录，包含三个文件
<img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/269f8c1f13506e66c8e0677062d954d9" alt="" /></p>
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<p>2.改变拷贝之后，还原服务器的备份集目录属组权限</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">chown -R dmdba:dinstall /data/dmdata/DMENG/bak/</code></pre>
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<p>3.查看达梦安装目录以及配置文件目录：ps -ef |grep dmserver
记录安装目录和配置文件目录，后面需要</p>
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<p>4.切换达梦用户：su - dmdba</p>
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<p>5.切换安装目录bin下：cd $DM_HOME/bin</p>
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<p>6.登录dmrman（安装目录bin下）：./dmrman
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<p>7.校验备份集：</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">check backupset '/data/dmdata/DMENG/bak/DB_DMRWC_FULL_2020_11_30_15_39_11/';</code></pre>
<p><img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/6dc9ab6d9c8e8fe891d41d0851ac8b6f" alt="" /></p>
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<p>8.停止数据库服务，脱机还原</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">切换root用户：su - root,提示输入root密码
执行systemctl stop DmServiceDMSERVER.service</code></pre>
<p><img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/a812993cd55dba1223530ae62e0d42f9" alt="" /></p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">ps -ef |grep dmserver(查出来结果入下图代表停止成功)</code></pre>
<p><img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/734349c8ce6c5535cd016ceeb6106383" alt="" /></p>
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<p>9.重新切换达梦用户：su - dmdba</p>
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<p>10.切换安装目录bin下：cd $DM_HOME/bin</p>
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<p>11.dmrman下执行还原：</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">restore database '/data/dmdata/DMENG/dm.ini' from backupset '/data/dmdata/DMENG/bak/DB_DMRWC_FULL_2020_11_30_15_39_11';</code></pre>
<p><img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/a90a459d1f1a750eea1d46dd185ba103" alt="" />
<img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/e93695c1e83b84acae01efdf57208629" alt="" /></p>
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<p>12.备份集恢复</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">recover database '/data/dmdata/DMENG/dm.ini' from backupset '/data/dmdata/DMENG/bak/DB_DMRWC_FULL_2020_11_30_15_39_11';</code></pre>
<p><img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/0f294934e7c55156d3f7322485222cc0" alt="" />
<img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/1e1411702fa1f5b4b19c344924856a08" alt="" /></p>
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<p>13.更新db_magic</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">recover database '/data/dmdata/DMENG/dm.ini' update db_magic;</code></pre>
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<p>14.启动数据库，查看还原情况</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">systemctl start DmServiceDMSERVER.service</code></pre>
<p><img src="http://60.191.64.5:16100/server/index.php?s=/api/attachment/visitFile/sign/ab0581d8d809ad09287018b262e26d5e" alt="" /></p>
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<li>15验证数据是否正常，数据库是否可用。
<code>注意：如果还原以后打开管理工具没有模式、用户之类的，查看数据库状态是不是mount</code>
<pre><code class="language-shell">select * from v$instance;
alter database open force</code></pre></li>
</ul>
<h3>十四、定时收集统计信息</h3>
<p>打开管理工具，选择代理-作业-新建作业，填写相应信息内容
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添加作业步骤，选择sql脚本：DBMS_STATS.GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS('模式名',100,FALSE,'FOR ALL COLUMNS SIZE AUTO');
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添加作业调度--设置每周六凌晨1点定时执行
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查看历史作业信息，验证是否执行成功
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